Types of Loans for Homes: Mortgage Options Explained

Types of Loans for Homes: Mortgage Options Explained

Becoming a homeowner is a thrilling and fulfilling journey that involves numerous questions and, most importantly, financing through a mortgage.
You just visited an open house, and you’ve got your eye on a brand-new single-family home with plenty of yard space, a sleek townhome with low-maintenance living, or a pre-sale property. Whether you’re dreaming of building a fully custom home from the ground up or simply choosing a few cabinet colors and finishes, understanding your mortgage options is a big part of making that dream a reality.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the different types of home mortgage loans, what typical rates look like, FHA mortgage requirements, and the financing options that work best for new construction homes. We’ll also cover what to consider for single-family homes, townhomes, and pre-sale builds—so you can move forward with confidence.

What Are Mortgage Loans?

At its core, a mortgage loan is just the money you borrow to buy a home—but it’s also your ticket to owning a piece of property. Each payment has two main parts:

  • Principal: The amount goes toward paying down the amount you actually borrowed.
  • Interest: The extra cost you’re paying for the privilege of borrowing that money. 

In many cases, your payment might also roll in property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, and even HOA dues if your neighborhood has a homeowners association.

And here’s the thing: there isn’t a one-size-fits-all mortgage. There are several different types out there, each with its own pros, cons, and rules about who can qualify. The right choice really depends on your finances, your credit score, and the kind of home you’re hoping to buy.

Types of Home Mortgage Loans

The US housing market offers a wide variety of mortgage options. Each type of loan is designed for a specific buyer, type of property, and financial situation. Here’s one of the most common ones: 

Conventional mortgages

Are the classic choice—loans that aren’t backed by the federal government like FHA, VA, or USDA loans are.

  • Down Payment: Generally, you will require a down payment of at least 5% to 20%, depending on your lender and credit score.
  • Credit Requirements: Most lenders consider a credit score of 620 or above to be good to excellent, and the higher your score.
  • Mortgage Insurance: If you are unable to make a 20% down payment, you will typically need private mortgage insurance (PMI) until you have enough equity. 

These loans are a great fit for buyers with good credit who want flexible loan terms and the potential for lower costs over the course of the mortgage are preferred by the homebuyer for newly built single-family homes and townhomes. 

FHA Loans

FHA loans—insured by the Federal Housing Administration—for first-time buyers or anyone whose credit score needs improvement.

  • Down Payment: As low as 3.5% if your score is 580+, and in the range of 500–579 need 10% down.
  • Credit Requirements: More forgiving than conventional loans.
  • Mortgage Insurance: For the minimal down payment, pay an upfront fee and annual premiums (MIP), often for the life of the loan. 

When considering a newly built townhome or a single-family home, you’ll want to make sure the builder and development comply with FHA standards if you plan to use an FHA mortgage.

VA Loans

If you’re a veteran, active-duty service member, or an eligible surviving spouse, VA loans can be a game-changer.

  • Down Payment: $0 down in most cases.
  • Mortgage Insurance: No PMI, though there’s usually a one-time funding fee.  

Qualified military members looking to buy new construction homes or townhomes without draining their savings.

USDA Loans

USDA loans are designed for people buying in rural or semi-rural areas—and you’d be surprised how many places qualify.

  • Down Payment: Often none required.
  • Income Limits: You’ll need to stay under certain income caps based on your county.  

Buyers of single-family homes in qualifying areas who want low- or no-down-payment options.

Jumbo Loans 

Shopping for a high-priced property or a luxury build? You’ll likely need a jumbo loan—any mortgage that’s bigger than the limits set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in your area.

  • Down Payment: 10%–20% or more.
  • Credit Score: Ensure excellent credit and a solid debt-to-income ratio. 

These loans are ideal if you’re purchasing a spacious single-family home, a customizable home from the ground up, or buying in an expensive market where standard mortgage limits aren’t enough.

Mortgages for new home construction and construction loans

The financing process is a little different if you’re purchasing a home that is still under construction or intend to build your own.  

  • Short-Term Setup: You will typically only be required to make interest-only payments while construction is underway. The loan becomes a regular long-term mortgage after the house is move-in-ready.  
  • Draw Schedule: As specific construction milestones are reached and examined, lenders release funds in phases, or “draws.” 
  • Rates and Fees: During the construction phase, anticipate somewhat higher interest rates or additional fees.  

This kind of mortgage is especially crucial if you’re buying a custom-built single-family home or a newly constructed townhouse. Lenders will want to make sure all inspections pass and verify the builder’s legitimacy.

Adjustable-Rate vs. Fixed-Rate Mortgages

The way your interest rate is structured can make a big difference.

  • Fixed-Rate Mortgage: Your interest rate never changes for the life of the loan (commonly 15, 20, or 30 years), giving you predictable monthly payments.
  • Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): Your rate is fixed for an initial period—like 5, 7, or 10 years—then adjusts periodically. 

Ensure how long you plan to stay in the home, your comfort with risk, and where you think interest rates are headed.

Primary check-ins for Home Mortgage Loan

  • Safety & Habitability: Ensure home is built with minimum property standards (roof, structure, plumbing, heating, electrical systems).  
  • Inspection / Appraisal: An FHA appraisal is required with home inspection. The appraiser looks at both value and condition.
  • Flood Zone Requirements: If the house is in a flood zone, you might need flood insurance and proper mitigation.
  • Size & Use: Some FHA ask the home to be your primary residence (not a vacation home or investment rental).
  • Property Type: Condominiums, newly built construction, townhomes can be eligible, but the development must itself meet FHA standards (the whole condo project might need approval). 

Mortgage Considerations: Townhomes vs. Single-Family Homes 

Newly Built Townhomes

  • Builder Incentives: Sometimes builders offer best deal like financial incentives—closing cost assistance, rate buydowns, etc.
  • Homeowner Association (HOA) Fees: Townhomes often have HOA dues; lenders will include HOA fees when calculating your debt-to-income (DTI).
  • Warranty / Builder’s Guarantee: Structural warranties of new construction homes might impact insurance costs and appraisals. 

Single Family Homes

  • Lot/land considerations: If land is being subdivided or developed, there may be additional inspection or zoning hurdles.
  • Construction to permanent loans: If building a single family home, a construction loan that converts to a mortgage may make sense.
  • Resale value: Homes in desirable neighborhoods might hold value better, but also come with higher loan amounts and possibly different qualification standards.

FAQ’S For the Mortgage Selection 

With so many mortgage options available, deciding which is best pick can feel overwhelming. Here are some key questions and tips:  

  • What’s your budget?

Check for the affordability for each month—not just for the mortgage payment, also include property taxes, insurance, maintenance, and other homeownership costs. 

  • Do you live for a shorter time?

An ARM or lower down payment loan may make sense.  

  • What is your credit score and financial profile?

If you have excellent credit and a large down payment, a conventional mortgage may be affordable; if you have lower credit or smaller down payment, FHA or VA may help. 

  • Are you buying in an area with high land or lot costs or in rural areas?

Some loans are better suited to those conditions (e.g., USDA, jumbo).  

  • Are you buying a newly built property or under construction?

If yes, you may need specialized new home construction mortgages. 

  • What are the home mortgage loan rates available to you currently?

Shop around, compare APRs, and get preapproval. 

First-time buyer programs, tax incentives, or state/local grants in your area determine costs or down payments.

Whether you need a new home construction mortgage, want to explore FHA mortgage house requirements, or are comparing home mortgage loan rates, MSR Communities can help connect you with trusted lenders.

Final thought:

Choosing the right home mortgage can feel tricky at first—getting prepared smartly makes all the difference. When you know how each loan type works, you can confidently pick the one that fits your finances, your long-term goals, and new construction home you’re dreaming about—whether that’s a single-family house, a brand-new townhome, or a custom build through a construction loan.

If you’re ready to take the next step toward homeownership, take care of your credit, assess your budget, and speak with a trusted lender or mortgage advisor. A little preparation now can help you secure the best loan and make your path to owning your dream home much smoother. 

Explore MSR Communities’ new construction homes for sale to see which townhome or single-family home aligns with your budget, preferred style, and loan eligibility.  

Check the floor plan and find homes that meet your goals.  

Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or mortgage advice. Loan terms, eligibility requirements, rates, and regulations may vary by lender, state, and individual circumstances. Always consult a licensed mortgage professional, financial advisor, or attorney before making any real estate or financing decisions.
 

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